Wednesday, June 23, 2010

ჯონ დიუი


                     ganaTlebis ganviTareba

   ganaTlebis ganviTarebam Seqnma azrovneba, azrovnebam – civilizacia. saukuneTa manZilze mudam ase iyo. iq, sadac arsebobs didi civilizacia, sazogadoeba iRebda specifikur, Tumca karg ganaTlebas. magaliTad SegviZlia moviyvanoT Zveli Sumeruli civilizacia, sadac Sumerebi im droisTvis karg ganaTlebas iRebdnen da Seqmnes kidec lursmnuli damwerloba. egvipteli qurumebis ganaTlebaze legendebi dadis. isini icnobdnen im droisTvis Zalian amoucnob faqtebs. iseTebs, rogoricaa varskvlavTa ganlageba, Rrmad flobdnen maTematikur mecnierebebsa da sxva.

   sxvadasxva civilizaciebs ganviTarebis meTodic sxvadasxva hqondaT. istorikosebi ganasxvavebdnen spartanul da berZnul ganaTlebis meTodebs. spartanuli meTodi simkacresa da moTxovnaze, despotizmze iyo agebuli. xolo berZnuli meTodi ufro swavleba iyo vidre swavla. igi magaliTaebze da humanur mopyrobaze iyo damyarebuli aRsazrdelebis mimarT.

   ganaTlebis ganviTarebas da zogadad, misi efeqrturobas ikvlevda jon diui Tavis naSromebSi. igi saintereso hopoTezebs ayalibebs ganaTlebis Zveli da axali meTodebis erTmaneTTan SejerebiT. avtori ambobs: ,,swavlis procesi SeiZleba SevadaroT zrdas, rogorc uwyvet Tanmimdevrul process”. masve ekuTvnis sityvebi: ,,mxolod ,,zrda” sakmarisi ar aris. unda vakontroloT zrdis mimarTulebac”.

   Mminda am frazebis Cemeuli interpretaciaiT erT mniSvnelovan sakiTxs SevexoT da diuis ,,swavlis procesi” davukavSiro ganaTlebis ganviTarebas. CemTvis raRacis Secvla mis ganviTarebaze  zrunvas ar niSnavs. saukuneTa manZilze cvlidnen ganaTlebis stils da iq da mxolod iq rCeboda ganaTleba stabiluri, sadac tradiciul meTodebs misdevdnen. ivane javaxiSvili Tavis narkvevebSi iyalTos akademiis meTormete saukunis swavlis meTodebze wers: Zveli wesiT iswavleboda filosofia da bunebismetyveleba. Zveli wesi CemTvis yvelaze sayuradRebo sityvaTa wyvilia. miuxedavad imisa, rom iyalToSi im droisaTvis erT-erT saukeTeso ganaTlebas iRebdnen msoflioSi, iq iyo tradiciuli swavlebis meTodi da albaT, arc aravin cdilobda mis Secvlas.

   Cemi azriT, ganaTlebis ganviTareba dakavSirebulia teqnikis masiur ganviTarebasTan, kerZod XVIII-XIX saukunisdan dawyebul msoflio procesebTan. roca adamianisTvis sazRvrebi faqtobrivad waiSala, ganviTarda cnobiereba da Tu imdroindel britanul gamoTqmas davemowmebiT: ,,Tvalma wyali dalia”. saWiro gaxda axali mecnierebebis swavleba da maTTvis SemuSavda axali meTodebi.

    ar unda dagvaviwydes ganmanaTleblebi (gansakuTrebiT Jan Jak ruso), romlebic qadagebdnen humanurobas da maTma naSromebma Secvala damokidebuleba aRmzrdelebis mimarT. saswavlo procesSi dainerga meti sirbile da ara codnaze, aramed azrovnebis ganviTarebaze moxda orientireba dasavleT evropaSi wamoWrili es midgoma CvenSi sabWoTa disciplinam daasamara. yovelive humanuri, azrovnebaze orientirebuli, cnobierebis ganviTarebiT CaaxSo da cdilobda, daenerga teqstebze orientacia.

   minimumamde dayvanili Tavisufali azrovneba gamoixata sabWoTa ideologiiT gazrdil zombirebul pirovnebebsa da sazogadoebis nacvlad brbod CamomavlobaSi. sabWoTa epoqam Tavisi dro moWama, Tumca saqarTveloSi momdevno 10welic ar Secvlila araferi.

   Cven varT is Taoba, romelmac sakuTar Tavze gamoscada reformebis bumi. mecxre klasamde Cven swavlebis tradiciuli meTodi gvqonda anu teqstis codnaze orientirebuli, Sefasebac maRali iyo bejiTi moswavleebis mimarT, romelTa ricxvSi me naklebad Sevdiodi. reformis gatarebis Semdeg, rodesac dainerga interaqtiuli teriningis tipis swavleba. moswavleTa mxridan meti CarTuloba, vidre maswvaleblis mxridan, vfiqrob, moswavleebSi azrovneba ganvitarda dam is xarjze Semcirda faqtobrivi coda konkretul sakiTxze moswavleebi ufro mets xvdebodnen, vidre hqondaT mocemuli saxelmZRvaneloSi. CemTvis metad mniSvnelovania Tanamedrove tipis swavleba, ragdan vTvli, rom CarTuloba da aqtiuroba ufro metad aviTarebs adamianis inteleqts, vidre teqstebis dazuTxva da Tundac moyola. Cemi azriT, skolebSi rom yofiliyo teqstis codnaze orientirebuli swavleba, albaT iseTi maRali SefasebebiT ver davamTavrebdi skolas, riTac davamTavre. sabolood, ras mogvitans es Tamanedrove sistema aravin icis, Tumca faqtia, rom yoveli momdevno Taoba meti azrovnebita da naklebi faqtobrivi codniT gamoirCeva. ganaTlebis ganviTareba ki grZeldeba da isev diuis moviSvelieb :,,unda davakonkretoT mimarTulebac”.

 

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